Lucie Dolanská Bányaiová is a graduate of the Faculty of Law of Charles University, where she received her Mgr. (2000), JUDr. (2001) and Ph.D. (2007) degrees. During her studies, she completed a one-year study stay focusing on political science at the Brandeis University in Massachusetts, USA, as well as another one-year study stay within the Socrates programme at the Cardiff University Law School in Wales.

In 2000, she started her professional career as a legal trainee (articled clerk) and then as a lawyer at the law firm Altheimer & Gray, which was later acquired by Salans. In 2010, she founded the law firm Bányaiová Vožehová, s. r. o., where she remained until her appointment as a Justice of the Constitutional Court.

In her career as a lawyer, she focused mainly on litigation. She represented clients in a wide range of civil, commercial and insolvency disputes. She also dealt with disputes concerning private international law and many of “her” cases had an international element and involved the application of European law and international treaties. Another important area of her law practice were cases related to restitution proceedings and concerning the restitution of Jewish property stolen during the time of oppression and persecution in the spirit of the Terezin Declaration. She represented clients not only before the courts and authorities of the Czech Republic, but also before the European Commission and the European General Court. She has also been lecturing for a long time. From 2007 to 2021, she conducted seminars on private international law and international trade law at the Faculty of Law of Charles University in Prague. Currently, she is teaching courses in English for foreign students under the Erasmus and LL.M programmes at the same faculty.

As part of her publishing activities, she is a member of the team that prepares the commentary to the Civil Code published by Wolters Kluwer.

Until her appointment as a Justice of the Constitutional Court, she was registered as an arbitrator of the Arbitration court attached to the Czech Chamber of Commerce and the Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic.

From autumn 2021 until her appointment as a Justice of the Constitutional Court, she was a member of the Board of Directors of the Czech Bar Association, where she was responsible for the education of lawyers and legal trainees. In cooperation with the Faculty of Law of Charles University, she was responsible for a practical teaching project on legal practice in law offices.

On 19 December 2023, the President of the Republic, Petr Pavel, appointed her as a Justice of the Constitutional Court.